Training Needs Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Training Needs Analysis - Research Paper Example The rapid economic changes, globalization and advancement of technology have generated various types of training needs in organizations. However, it has been increasingly realized that effective training can only be possible through accurate analysis of the training needs and requirements. Conducting training needs assessment is particularly important for protecting the assets of the organization and also assuring that resources are set aside for addressing the training issues and reserved and used for that particular purpose only (Barbazette, 2006, p.6). The paper tries to present a critical analysis of the aspect of training needs assessments in organizations by presenting the various arguments of authors for or against the topic. The arguments would primarily aim at determining whether training is the appropriate solution for a performance deficiency. If increasing the employee’s skills and knowledge does not help to resolve a crisis then training would not prove to be help ful. This calls for the need for assessing the training needs and requirements in order to ensure that the resources are put to appropriate use and are not wasted. The paper would also present the suggestions for removing possibilities of training deficiencies in organizations. Review of the Literature Training theorists and academicians have realized the analysis of training needs as a function which is integral to the training programs in organizations. In order to utilize the resources effectively it is crucial to determine the exact location, scope and magnitude of the needs for training. The researchers have put forth the fact that there is no justification for investing in the training programs if they do not result in improving or enhancing the efficiency of the workforce (Moore & Dutton, 1978). Training needs analysis is considered to be the first step in the cyclical process contributing to the overall educational and training strategy of the staff in organizations. The pro cess begins with the systematic consultation for identifying the learning needs of the staff followed by the program planning, delivery and evaluation. Research conducted on micro level and macro level training needs revealed that despite their small scale and limited scope training needs initiatives at the micro level demonstrated more methodological vigour and laid greater emphasis on the perspectives of shareholders in order to generate such findings which would be able to influence the remaining part of the training cycle positively (Gould, Kelly & White & Chidgey, 2003). In 1952, Mahler and Monroe made a study of the determination of the needs for training in the industry and showed that most of the methods of analysing training needs were informal. Only about one out of every ten companies reported to be using systematic approaches for determining the training needs. Observations, management requests, and discussion with superiors were among the most commonly used techniques f or determining the needs. Wood, (1939) noted that that questionnaire could be considered as an effective way of determining training needs but was of the conclusion that there was very little evidence which showed application of the research methods for need determination. A BNA survey conducted

Mexicans on the Usa Essay Example for Free

Mexicans on the Usa Essay By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Mexican American migrant workers played an increasingly important role in the growing American economy, an estimated 11. 7 million unauthorized immigrants were living in the U. S. in March 2012, and American people want to solve this problem. In this essay am going to answer this question Should North American Companies hire illegal immigrants? I will answer this by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of hiring illegal immigrants. People in the USA don’t want that illegal aliens work in their country because they use the jobs that Americans can work in, they are angry because they are illegal and just legal people deserve to work in the USA. Illegal aliens (Mexican Workers) are a benefit to the USA companies because they work more time for less pay and they do the hard works that Americans will do for less time and more money. Mexican immigrants are vital to the U. S. economy, contributing about 4 % to GDP. Mexican Workers are not respecting the USA law and The Authorities can?t do anything this create a big problem between the USA communities and the government because they say that the illegal aliens are invading them This is called ? La Reconquista?. Mexican Illegals go only to find work and do it because they are force to do that, they have a family in very bad conditions that it’s believing that his familiar that pass the border could get a work and send them money so they cans survive. Mexicans Pass the border illegally because they don? t have money to buy a Visa even a Mexican passport so they go and work hard to get a better life that they couldn?t get at their country. The USA families are worried of their families because they can? t be relaxed just because some illegal people are in the street breaking the law, they are annoyed of Mexican illegal in every corner of their town, they have to take care of their children because they are dangerous. Mexicans just try to get a job and live better they are trying to became part of the community but the USA people are acting on a racist way, They don? t want to even see Mexicans and know them. There are been attacks to Mexican from the Americans sometimes they were close to kill them. A good example is that on a Mexican restaurant the employees have to use a t-shirt that says how to catch an illegal Mexican. Mexican illegal are increasing USA population and that is not a real problem but when there is more people, they use more services as foo health care, etc. The USA citizens that pay taxes make these services happen, if there are more people to serve the taxes will be more expensive and illegal Mexicans don? t pay these services. Mexicans help the community they buil houses, clean the streets and fix the public places such as gardens and parks.

Biography of Ernest Hemingway Essays -- American Writers Novelists Ess

Biography of Ernest Hemingway "Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man and those who have hunted armed men long enough and liked it, never really care for anything else thereafter. You will meet them doing various things with resolve, but their interest rarely holds because after the other thing ordinary life is as flat as the taste of wine when the taste buds have been burned off your tongue." ('On the Blue Water' in Esquire, April 1936) A legendary novelist, short-story writer and essayist Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in the village of Oak Park, Illinois, close to the prairies and woods west of Chicago. His mother Grace Hall had an operatic career before marrying Dr. Clarence Edmonds Hemingway. While growing up, the young Hemingway spent lots of his time hunting and fishing with his physician father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway, and learned about the ways of music with his mother, who was a musician and artist. He was the second of Clarence and Grace Hemingway's six children. He was raised in a strict Protestant community that tried as hard as possible to be separate themselves from the big city of Chicago, though they were very close geographically. Both parents and their nearby families fostered the Victorian priorities of the time: religion, family, work and discipline. They followed the Victorians' elaborate sentimental style in living and writing. He attended school in the Oak Park Public School system and in high school, Hemingway played sports and wrote for the school newspaper. At Oak Park and River Forest High School, Ernest reported and wrote articles, poems and stories for the school's publications largely based on his direct experiences. Hemingway was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature. He was unable to attend the award ceremony in Stockholm, because he was recuperating from injuries sustained in an airplane crash while hunting in Uganda. In July, 1961, he ended his life in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway may have been a homosexual in denial. His determination to keep up his manhood's "good name" may have been a decoy to hide his true homosexuality. As a Rolling Stone article notes, his son was in fact gay. Perhaps he got it genetically from his father, Ernest Hemingway. Many things were repeated in that family. Hemingway, the depressed drunk, committed suicide just like his father. However,... ...the death struggle in his mind - it is very explicit in books such as A Farewell to Arms and Death in the Afternoon, which were based on his own experience. Modern investigations into so-called Near-Death Experiences (NDE) such as those by Raymond Moody, Kenneth Ring and many others, have focused on a pattern of empirical knowledge gained on the threshold of death; a dream-like encounter with unknown border regions. There is a parallel in Hemingway's life, connected with the occasion when he was seriously wounded at midnight on July 8, 1918, in Italy and nearly died. He was the first American to be wounded in Italy during World War I. Here is a case of NDE in Hemingway, and I think that is of basic importance, pertinent to the understanding of all Hemingway's work. In A Farewell to Arms, an experience of this sort occurs to the ambulance driver Frederic Henry, Hemingway's alter ego, wounded in the leg by shellfire in Italy. Hemingway touched on that crucial experience in his life – what he had felt and thought - in the short story ‘Now I Lay Me’ (1927): "my soul would go out of my body ... I had been blown up at night and felt it go out of me and go off and then come back".

Pacemakers Allow Millions to Live Life to the Fullest :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Pacemakers Allow Millions to Live Life to the Fullest I always thought that pacemakers were for old people or people that had really serious heart conditions. My opinion of that drastically changed last summer after my then eighteen year old friend had to have one implanted. I never new how pacemakers worked or what they did, I just knew that you could not ride roller coasters if you have one. My fascination with pacemakers all started last summer. It was right after graduation and my friends and I were all enjoying the summer. Then during the early hours of June 4th I received the scariest call ever. My friend Mike called and said that Brian's heart stopped beating and he was being rushed to the hospital. I immediately threw on some shoes and headed out the door. The whole way to the hospital I kept thinking, what happened? Brian was one of the healthiest people that I know. He worked out a lot and always ate right. He was in perfect shape. When I reached the hospital I met up with Brian's family and our friends. No one knew what happened and even the doctors still weren't sure what caused Brian's heart to stop. We spent the whole night praying and waiting for a miracle. I remember the day like it was yesterday, we just had prom and graduation and then here Brian was lying in a hospital bed unconscious. I just couldn't understand, the doctors speculated that it might have been from alcohol or drugs but Brian would never do that. Then they thought that maybe he had a seizure caused by a brain aneurysm, but that still wasn't right. To this day we still do not know what caused his heart to stop. Anyways, the doctors thought that Brian should have a pacemaker/defibrillator implanted so if this scary event reoccurred again his heart would start automatically. I did not understand what a pacemaker was but I was for anything that would help prolong my best friend's life. The pacemaker was implanted a few days before Brian was supposed to leave the hospital and he returned home after just two days recovery. After that he took it easy for a few months, and then was back to his normal old self. I did not know what a pacemaker did until about a month ago when we had to choose a research topic. Pacemakers Allow Millions to Live Life to the Fullest :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Pacemakers Allow Millions to Live Life to the Fullest I always thought that pacemakers were for old people or people that had really serious heart conditions. My opinion of that drastically changed last summer after my then eighteen year old friend had to have one implanted. I never new how pacemakers worked or what they did, I just knew that you could not ride roller coasters if you have one. My fascination with pacemakers all started last summer. It was right after graduation and my friends and I were all enjoying the summer. Then during the early hours of June 4th I received the scariest call ever. My friend Mike called and said that Brian's heart stopped beating and he was being rushed to the hospital. I immediately threw on some shoes and headed out the door. The whole way to the hospital I kept thinking, what happened? Brian was one of the healthiest people that I know. He worked out a lot and always ate right. He was in perfect shape. When I reached the hospital I met up with Brian's family and our friends. No one knew what happened and even the doctors still weren't sure what caused Brian's heart to stop. We spent the whole night praying and waiting for a miracle. I remember the day like it was yesterday, we just had prom and graduation and then here Brian was lying in a hospital bed unconscious. I just couldn't understand, the doctors speculated that it might have been from alcohol or drugs but Brian would never do that. Then they thought that maybe he had a seizure caused by a brain aneurysm, but that still wasn't right. To this day we still do not know what caused his heart to stop. Anyways, the doctors thought that Brian should have a pacemaker/defibrillator implanted so if this scary event reoccurred again his heart would start automatically. I did not understand what a pacemaker was but I was for anything that would help prolong my best friend's life. The pacemaker was implanted a few days before Brian was supposed to leave the hospital and he returned home after just two days recovery. After that he took it easy for a few months, and then was back to his normal old self. I did not know what a pacemaker did until about a month ago when we had to choose a research topic.

Mp4 Matlab

College of Engineering ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING NDC Compound, *Anonas* St. Sta. Mesa, Manila {draw:line} Research Work with Defense Submitted By: Group 3 – Alpha Signal Rho BSECE IV-1 Leader : SANTOS, Ralph Rhyan G. Members: BELANO, Gracielle D. ESPINOSA, Joey Q. HERNANDEZ, Jan Roldan B. MATIC, Millicent G. RIVO, Sarah Ezekiel M. VILLENA, Kane Dave R Engr. Gerhard P. Tan Instructor Introduction It is known that our fast-paced emerging technology has been able to give us anything that we wish. Concerning the field of Digital Signal Processing, our latest technology has been able to give birth to many new forms of media file format both in audio and video. A few number of groups tried to produce different media file formats that would be of their greatest preferences but a certain group known as the Moving Picture Experts Group with the combined help of different professionals all around the world were able to create several media file formats that are of great use and in many ways universal. These said formats were then treated as the standards and then were implemented and it was used worldwide. After being assigned a certain file format per group, the certain multimedia file format that will be discussed by our group in this paper is the MP4 file or the file extension format known as . mp4. It is known that the . mp4 file format is the multimedia file container format for the MPEG-4 so some topics about MPEG-4 will also be discussed. Also, we will feature its history, applications, advantages and disadvantages and as well as the future for this certain file format. Different issues surrounding the main topic will be tackled as well and will be explained with the full extent of our capabilities. This research work was designed for students like us to gain new knowledge and discover the fundamentals behind the different technological advancements that we are already enjoying. It could be taken in account that all of our group members participated and did their part in constructing this research paper. History MPEG-4 part 12, which is known as ISO Base Media File Format, was originally the 1st version of the file format for MPEG-4. It was based upon Apple’s QuickTime container format. Afterwards, this part was then revised and thus giving birth to the MPEG-4 part 14 which is the MP4 file format. This occurred in the year 2003 wherein the difference between the two is the Part 1 or the System Standard. The first version then became the basis for many other file formats that were released afterwards. Theories and Principles What is MP4? {draw:frame} IV. Interact with the audiovisual scene generated at the receiver’s end. MPEG-4 Standards The basic components of streaming media are encoders, servers and players. The encoder compresses the video and distributes the compressed video to players that decode and render it. For interoperability the overlapping areas in Figure 2 need standardization, that is file formats, protocols and codecs. The MPEG-4 standard covers it all. {draw:frame} Figure 2 – Streaming media components More recent parts added into MPEG-4 are: †¢ Part 9: Reference Hardware Description†, Phase 1 Hardware Accelerators, Phase 2 Optimized Reference Software integration through Virtual Socket †¢ Part 10: Advanced Video Coding (as discussed below) †¢ Part 11: Scene description (to be split off from part 1) †¢ Part 12: ISO Media File Format. †¢ Part 13 : IPMP Extensions. †¢ Part 14 : MP4 File Format (based on part 12). †¢ Part 15 : AVC File Format (also based on part 12). †¢ Part 16 : AFX (Animation Framework eXtensions) and MuW (Multi-user Worlds). Part 17 : Timed text subtitle format †¢ Part 18 : Font Compression and Streaming †¢ Part 19 : Synthesized Texture Stream †¢ Part 20 : Lightweight Application Screen Representation (LASeR) †¢ Part 21 : MPEG-J Graphical Framework eXtension (GFX) †¢ Part 22 : Open Font Format Specificat ion (OFFS) based on OpenType †¢ Part 23 : Symbolic Music Representation (SMR) {draw:frame} Figure 3: Classification of MPEG-4 Toolset {draw:frame} Figure 4: The parts of MPEG-4, the arrows represent flow of bits Because of its universality and flexibility, the MPEG-4 could be applied almost everything. Of course, since there are media files that do not make use of all the tools provided by the MPEG-4, it resulted in the creation of different profiles. Such profiles are classified according to the tools that they make use of. In general, the different file formats that could contain the MPEG-4 system are as follows: . m4a – media container for raw audio only .m4v – media container for raw video only .mp4 – media container for audio, video and still images . 3gp & . 3g2 – media container used in cellular phones Data Streams †¢ Still images (e. g. as a fixed background); †¢ Video objects (e. . a talking person – without the background; †¢ 2–D and 3-D objects such as those used for animations; Audio objects (e. g. the voice associated with that person, background music) Every single one of these media objects present when gathering them in MPEG-4 are stored individually into what we refer to as â€Å"data streams†. In MPEG -4, every object is tightly coupled with a stream: such binding is made by the means of the Object Descriptor Framework which links an object to an actual stream. This design seems obvious for video objects that rely on a compressed video stream. It has been pushed a bit further: the scene description and the description of object descriptors are themselves streams. In other words, the presentation itself is a stream which updates the scene graph and relies on a dynamic set of descriptors, which allow referencing the actual media streams. These design principles can be summarized in the following figure, which gives a visualization of a scene. {draw:frame} Figure 5: An MPEG-4 scene aggregating different media streams Different objects can be encoded and transmitted separately to the decoder in their own elementary streams. The composition only takes places after decoding instead of before encoding. This applies to both visual objects and audio alike. In order to do the composition, MPEG-4 includes a special scene description language, called BIFS, for binary Format for Scenes. Atoms After the streams are collected, they are then stored into object – oriented structures called â€Å"atoms†. These atoms are what primarily compose an MP4 file. The type field is usually four printable characters. Atom structured files are used in a number of applications, and it is possible to form multi-purpose files which contain the atoms required by more than one specification. Examples include not only the ISO Base File Format family described here, but also the JPEG 2000 file format family, which for the most part is a still-image file format. {draw:frame} Figure 6: Complex File with External Media Data In the MP4 file format, determining how to decode a track involves two decisions. First, what kind of track is it: audio, visual, and so on? And then, precisely how are the samples are coded? The first decision is made by examining the handler type; along with the handler type, there is a type-specific header atom within the track structures for each kind of track. draw:frame} Figure 7: MP4 Handler type and Header atom type {draw:frame} Figure 8: Relation between different objects Application Television Broadcasting MPEG-4 offers well enough compression for transmitting hundreds of channels and satellite TV cable that consumers expect applicable even in high definition televisions. Broadcast applications can take advantage of the MPEG-4 standard to offer h igh-quality interactive content delivered over traditional TV networks or cable TV networks. Mobile Communication and Entertainment MPEG-4 handsets are established for the purpose of having two-way video calls or watch video programming over 3G networks. The MPEG-4 standard allows video streaming of very low bit rate content over all types of networks. It makes provisions for streaming in error-prone environments. These qualities are crucial when streaming rich content to wireless devices. Internet Streaming MPEG-4 has several characteristics that make it the ideal standard for streaming rich media over the internet. For the narrowband Internet, applications can use content compressed at low rates. For broadband Internet, applications can use the same content encoded at higher bit rates. The interactive nature of MPEG-4 means that MPEG-4 content can be used in advanced multimedia applications. And because MPEG-4 allows for scalability, the same content can be streamed to different devices over heterogeneous networks. Portable Gaming Distance Learning and Training One of the keys to distance learning and training is the ability to transmit over different networking infrastructures and interactivity. In a corporate training scenario, MPEG-4 content can be broadcasted via satellite to company branches in remote locations and over the LAN to employees at headquarters. Digital Still Cameras and Convergence Devices Most digital cameras now include movie modes for capture of short video sequences and with the new affordability of high-capacity flash memory, it is possible to build camera-like Mobile Content Convergence Devices that include the functions of a camera, camcorder and music player in one device. Given its compression efficiency, multi-platform support and its freedom from platform bundling requirements, MPEG-4 is an ideal fit for these devices. Satellite Radio MPEG-4’s audio codec have been employed in several systems for satellite radio and multimedia broadcasting. Security Video surveillances are modern means of security employment. Often, the devices used must limit the video resolution and frame rate to provide a reasonable recording time, and mostly require proprietary video players or some plug-ins to view the stored content. Recording using MPEG-4 enables and provides full resolution and desired frame rates. Also, MPEG-4 coding reduces storage cost. Its interoperability also allows users to combine equipment from different manufacturers in their systems and still be able to export a certain video in a universally readable format. MATLAB SIMULATION Since we know that from the principle of MPEG-4, each media object present in the scene while it is taken will be conveyed into its own elementary stream. These media objects could be an audio, video or a still image. The first thing to do is record first an analog signal with the use of the matlab tool known as daqscope. daqscope A window showing an example oscilloscope will be shown. It will look like the picture below. By pressing the arrow button, the recording of an analog signal will begin. The generated signal will depend on the sounds that will be acquired from a recording device such as a computer microphone. After recording on both channels, you can then close the window. The recorded signal will be treated as â€Å"winsound0†. addchannel(ai,1:2); set(ai,'SampleRate',44100) set(ai,'SamplesPerTrigger',44100) tart(ai) wait(ai,2) data = getdata(ai); plot(data) The example analog signal that we made look like the next figure. {draw:frame} video = mmread(‘mymovie. mpg',1:100); This command would then generate the first 100 frames of the video that we have chosen. In our example we used a sample video from the MATLAB folder known as vipmen we converted it first to an mpg file then renamed it into mymovie. The figure below shows some sample frames. {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} I = imread(‘mymovie. pg'); I = im2double(I); T = dctmtx(8); B = blkproc(I,[8 8],'P1xP2†²,T,T'); B2 = blkproc(B,[8 8],'P1. *x',mask); I2 = blkproc(B2,[8 8],'P1xP2†²,T',T); imshow(I), figure, imshow(I2) Advantages and Disadvantages The main advantage of the MP4 file format is its interoperability. Since mpeg-4 contains many different tools for different programs for different purposes, it stood up and showed its universality and multi-functionality which we think is the most basic pre-requisite for a media file format to be of great importance. Also, because of that same reason, MP4 is common and would work across different types of players from different manufacturers. It became natural for us to make use of it. Another advantage is that there is no additional infrastructure investment needed for its development unlike mpeg-2 that required billions of dollar to be developed, the MPEG-4 used the pre-existing knowledge and altered it to its preference. The greatest disadvantage would be the licensing terms and the content fee of the MP4 file format. This could be a hindrance for companies that would be using it in a large scale. It could be the reason to slow down the adoption of MP4 for broadcasting in IP networks. Another is with the ever known piracy problem since it relies on data encryption. Also, the download time in a broadband connection, which is much longer than the time consumed when downloading regular files, having the fact that MP4’s are still generally large files. Emerging Technology References: Principles of Digital Audio by Ken C. Pohlmann Principles of Multimedia by Ranjan Parekh MPEG-4 Whitepaper, www. medialab. sonera. fl http://my. opera. com/ebest24/blog/2006/11/11/general-mp4-information http://www. coolutils. com/Formats/MP4 http://www. zimbio. com/QuickTime/articles/4/History+MP4+Technology+Apple http://www. chiariglione. org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4. htm http://www. ncsu. edu/it/multimedia/mpeg4. html http://www. mpegif. org/resources/mpeg4userfaq. php

Free Essays on Yeah, Right, Whatever!

Yeah, Right, Whatever! A young teenage girl dressed all in black turned the corner. She had chains hanging down the side of her black, baggy jeans. What’s the first thought that went through your mind? Have you ever seen a nicely dressed young lady surrounded by a group of teenagers who have multiple piercings and green hair? Did you think that it was probably a group of thugs or even worse? Have you sat down and talked with a teenager lately? If so, you may have understood what he or she was talking about, but it’s entirely possible that you did not. With having said all this, what do you think when you see teenagers today? Teenagers are stereotyped for many reasons. Some of the most common reasons are their appearance, their friends, and even the way they talk. Crystal, my 16-year-old daughter, is obsessed with the color black. She always has been. 75% of her clothing is black, she has several bottles of black nail polish, and she even has two black cowboy hats. This in itself is not really a problem for us, but for other’s it seems to be a major problem. For example, when she was in seventh grade at Snyder Junior High the assistant principal had a very low opinion of her. This was mainly due to the fact the she wore black all the time. It got so bad that she finally started accusing Crystal of being gothic and into devil worshipping. If she had really known her, there is no way that she could have ever thought that she was into anything like that. She just assumed this because of the way she dressed. Crystal hasn’t only been stereotyped because of the way she dresses, but also because of whom she chooses as her friends. Several of her friends have body piercings and strange hair colors. Although Crystal has light brown hair and no body piercings, when she is with her friends she is treated as a freak. One day Crystal was in Wal-Mart with two of her friends. They were in the jewelry department looking at... Free Essays on Yeah, Right, Whatever! Free Essays on Yeah, Right, Whatever! Yeah, Right, Whatever! A young teenage girl dressed all in black turned the corner. She had chains hanging down the side of her black, baggy jeans. What’s the first thought that went through your mind? Have you ever seen a nicely dressed young lady surrounded by a group of teenagers who have multiple piercings and green hair? Did you think that it was probably a group of thugs or even worse? Have you sat down and talked with a teenager lately? If so, you may have understood what he or she was talking about, but it’s entirely possible that you did not. With having said all this, what do you think when you see teenagers today? Teenagers are stereotyped for many reasons. Some of the most common reasons are their appearance, their friends, and even the way they talk. Crystal, my 16-year-old daughter, is obsessed with the color black. She always has been. 75% of her clothing is black, she has several bottles of black nail polish, and she even has two black cowboy hats. This in itself is not really a problem for us, but for other’s it seems to be a major problem. For example, when she was in seventh grade at Snyder Junior High the assistant principal had a very low opinion of her. This was mainly due to the fact the she wore black all the time. It got so bad that she finally started accusing Crystal of being gothic and into devil worshipping. If she had really known her, there is no way that she could have ever thought that she was into anything like that. She just assumed this because of the way she dressed. Crystal hasn’t only been stereotyped because of the way she dresses, but also because of whom she chooses as her friends. Several of her friends have body piercings and strange hair colors. Although Crystal has light brown hair and no body piercings, when she is with her friends she is treated as a freak. One day Crystal was in Wal-Mart with two of her friends. They were in the jewelry department looking at...

Alexander essays

Alexander essays Before the mighty Romans, the French, British and U.S. There was one man and his army which laid the blueprints of warfare and managed to take over most of the known world, if not all of it along the way. The army of Alexander the Great was one of the greatest armies the world has ever seen. This was due to unprecedented discipline, tactics/weaponry and the leadership of an amazing general. If Alexanders army were modernized, it would be the ultimate war machine. To win a battle one needs weapons and troops (amongst other things). But to be truly effective and potent one must be able to control the troops in order to be triumphant. Alexanders army is a perfect example of flawless control of soldiers. The discipline within this army was so great and so proscribed it was almost a dream. It started with Alexanders father King Philip, who was the first to start making the job of the soldier a well paying job. Before men would join up until crop season then drop out to grow crops. This was somewhat of a pain because they could only fight a war nine months a year, then go home for crop season. So Philip decided to make military a profession. By doing this a majority of the men stayed all year. This brought unity and brotherhood to the army and allowed the men to be drilled on a regular basis. The soldiers were now becoming ultimate fighting machines. Unfortunately Philip died before the mens true discipline could be tested. Once Alexander came i nto power, the soldiers were put to the test. They passed with flying colours. These men proved to be unbreakable, holding their ground no matter what the odds (which were normally heavily out numbered). But it wasnt like they were matching up against some crazy barbarians who would march to their own beat; they were fighting other well-trained armies far larger and equally equipped as them. They still had that edge of super-discipline that no...

generation X essays

generation X essays People think that generation X today does nothing but complains about everything and it is so apathetic. Consequently, we can realize that it is a generation that is completely different from the prior generation. Karl Zinsmeister, the writer of The Humble Generation , states that some people believe that Xers are materialistic, inconsiderate and unprogressive. The author also states that liberals accuse them of lacking exemplars. Generation X possesses different major characteristics which are very common nowadays. Generation X students experience different adversary emotive problems, such as eating disorders and depression. Xers believe that drastic slenderness implies that one is of a high social class. Kristi Lockhart Keil, the author of An Intimate Profile of Generation X , points out that, this career-minded generation seems to think that women with full hips and breasts are less intelligence and likely to succeed . Accordingly, we can perceive that generation X students tend to be slight in order to gain discipline and intelligence. Moreover, generation X students suffer from depression. In fact, there are various significant factors that cause their depression, and the most important one is being disregarded. Keil states that neglect increases their depression, and they get less attention from their parents; therefore, they will most often have superficial relationships with others. Xers do not want to be managed by others. As a matter of fact, they dont want someone looking over their shoulder. Perhaps as a result of their latchkey childhood, they are not used to being supervised and they are good at working on their own. It is very important to Xers to be seen as liberated and self-starters (Losyk). Therefore, Xers should be managed by teaching them things and be aware of their need for feedback. In addition, Xers adjust their ...

Policy Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy Brief - Assignment Example For this reason, there is an increased need for the Canadian legislators to find better ways of creating jobs for the youth so as to improve the standards of living of the Canadian youths. This policy document seeks to highlight the extent of youth unemployment in Canada to policy makers, and what needs to be done to reduce youth unemployment for the betterment of the economy and the society. Canada ranks among the countries that are doing well economically. Despite having been affected by the recent financial meltdown, the Canadian government took proactive measures that ensured faster recovery of the economy. With the current per capita of $43,472, the Canadian economy ranks among the largest in the world. The Canadian government has also been doing well in terms of keeping the inflation rate down. The current Canadian inflation rates stand at about 1.0%, which is among the lowest in the world. Nevertheless, the main issue of concern to most Canadians currently has to do with the high rate of youth unemployment rates. 2015 economic index shows that the average unemployment rate stands at about 7.1%. However, youth unemployment stands at 13.6%, which is among the highest in the region (Leung, 2013). In fact, the Canadian youths had a lot of hope when the Conservatives took the reins of power as they thought the new administration would generate enough jobs for the youth s in the first few years in the office. However, the hopes of the Canadian youths have been dashed, as the rate of youth unemployment continues to rise throughout the country. A report by Goar (2014) reveals that, at the time the Conservatives took the reign of power in 2006, youth unemployment was only 12.2%. However, the percentage of youth unemployment has since jumped to 13.6%. Goar argues that this statistic tells only part of the larger problem. Art Columnist observes that thousands of Canadian

Report on article Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report on article - Case Study Example There are four basic management styles described in the management literature: Each of these styles has certain advantages and drawbacks, and there is no way to objectively compare their effectiveness: in some organizations directive democrats may be more successful than permissive democrats, in other organizations directive or permissive autocrats may exhibit high effectiveness, and visa versa. Effectiveness of the management style directly depends on the type of organization and nature of work performed. The style of permissive democrats seems to be the best solution for the Department of Justice filled with highly skilled professionals. The involvement in planning and decision making provides them with the sense of belongingness to work and they demonstrate more commitment in performing their duties. However, the style of permissive democrats has one essential limitation: active involvement of the subordinates in the process of decision making, coupled with lack of strict control often produces a deceptive impression that the manager adopts a laissez-faire attitude and simply does not perform his direct functions, namely controlling (Muczyk, 2004). Probably this confusion can be held responsible (at least partially) for the failure of Eileen to keep obey the rules. However, the fact that 8 other members of the team did not have similar problems with discipline suggests that Eileen's case is unique in this organizational setting. Therefore, as a new manager for strategic planning and design within the department of justice, my first step will be to closely analyze the system of relationships established and maintained by my predecessors within the team. The analysis will largely focus on defining the style of management keeping in mind that highly experienced, skilled and responsible employees do not require excessive supervision and control, unless in emergency cases. The next step will be to work individually with Eileen and her colleagues in order to find out the reasons for her misconduct. A series of individual interviews is likely to provide rich and very useful information necessary to find out whether Eileen is a victim of some subjective prejudice or stereotype or she does have some personal problems which prevent her from becoming a full member of the team. Probably, there is a person within the team that maintains negative view of Eileen and successfully promotes this view among other members of the team. At this point the manager should keep in mind that his position does not automatically make him a leader - the most influential persons within the team. The so-called 'workers of influence' theory is particularly important to understand the distinction between managers and leaders. The key

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Response - Essay Example Ameirca also has a long tradition of exporting to other countries, and so there are opportunities for manufacturing to bring large returns through domestic and export marketing. In the next decade there will be increasing competition from countries like India and China, where wages are considerably cheaper and education standards are catching up fast to those of America, and even in some cases such as maths education, exceeding them. The stakeholders for Standard Motors include the owners, the workforce, the large and small customers, and the communities in which their factories are located. The owners are keen to make profits consistently, so that they can continue investing in the plant but workers want higher wages, and so there is a conflict of interests there. Standard Motor Products prospers when people cannot afford new cars. A similar counter-cyclical business may be local tourism such as hotels selling weekend breaks, since many Americans may stay at home and have short breaks instead of travelling abroad for longer vacations. The article seemed fairly accurate, but it may give an over-optimitistic picture of America’s performance globally. I think there is more of a threat from Brazil, China and India, for example, than is visible right now, and it will become apparent very soon. I expect that the entertainments electronics industry (laptops, ipods, mobile phones etc.) will be even more competitive than it is now, and there may be increasing shortages in key raw materials that go into making these products, like some heavy metals and some elements that are common at the present time, but will be running short in 2020, such as copper, for example. This will mean that recycling will be a bigger part of production, and I expect that manufacturing plants will have built in recycling facilities located right next to their new production facilities. This may provide some jobs for low skilled human staff, in collecting and delivering the products to be

Biology introduction assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology introduction assignment - Research Paper Example These species are found in Ontario, Canada. Under the Species at Risk Legislation of Ontario, the Northern map and the Snapping turtles are species of Special Concern while the Blanding’s and the Musk turtles are threatened. The greatest risk for these species is being run over on roads and highways. Typically, turtles look for loose, sandy soils to lay their eggs in. But because exposed soil may be difficult to find in natural habitats, turtles are attracted to the artificially-created potential nesting sites such as shoulders of roads, railroad embankments, gravel drives and earthen dams. While they get to and from such locations, the turtles become vulnerable to both vehicular traffic and predators. Genomes evolve as a result of continuous accumulation of mutations. This means that the amount of variation in nucleotide sequences in genomes indicates how recently those genomes have shared a common ancestor. If two genomes have diverged recently in the past, it is expected that they would have much fewer differences in their nucleotide sequences than two genomes whose mutual ancestor is more ancient (Tanaka & Aranishi 2013). Thus, by comparing several genomes, it is possible to figure out their evolutionary relationships. In most of the studies that use molecular markers, the predominant classes are mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA has an important advantage in all phylogenetic research because it is inherited from the maternal line (Chung 2013). This fact facilitates the monitoring of its transmission along the different phases, starting in the early evolution. Another advantage is that Mitochondrial DNA has a high level of variability and a hi gh rate of mutation, compared with the nuclear DNA ( Rubinoff and Holland 2005), in spite of the fact that it does not encode the information for the synthesis of many proteins. This fact makes it ideal for the

They Thought They Were Free Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

They Thought They Were Free - Essay Example The Versailles Treaty punished the losing Germans severely. Weapons production of any kind was banned. A heavy monetary cost of the war was also levied against Germany. Many Germans were over taxed, unemployed, and morally defeated. Adolf Hitler was one of these Germans. He wanted to change Germany. Hitler did not get up and make a speech about killing six million Jews, or starting a war that killed twelve million more. He did not get up and promise a war that would devastate Germany forever. Hitler promised a prosperous Germany. The promise of a good economy was the first bit that seduced the German people. The second seduction was national German pride. After the German loss during World War I, the German morale was at an all time low. Germans wanted a reason to believe in Germany. Hitler gave them those reasons. The pride, economic boost, and strong government helped the Germans regain a proud nation. The concentration camps, war, and death all came gradually. Heinrich Hildebrandt , interviewed by Mayor, explained: "What happened here was the gradual habituation of the people, little by little, to being governed by surprise; to receiving decisions deliberated in secret; to believing that the situation was so complicated that the government had to act on information which the people could not understand, or so dangerous that, even if the people could not understand it, it could not be released because of national security. And their sense of identification with Hitler, their trust in him, made it easier to widen this gap and reassured those who would otherwise have worried about it.† (1971:166). The evilness of the Third Reich came about gradually. The Nazis groomed the regular German citizens. As Major pointed out anti-Semitism was a way of life in Kronenberg since the Middle Ages. As the Race Laws started to take effect, many Germans including those in Kronenberg were not too upset. The isolation of the Jews had been a way of life for centuries. Thus w hen Kristallnacht occurred on November 9, 1938 the people of Kronenberg probably did not realize what was really going on. Kristallnacht was also justified by the killing of a German diplomat in Paris, France by a Jew. The Germans really thought that the Jews were trying to attack them. They wanted a little retribution by burning the Synagogues and smashing Jewish business’ windows. The German people at this time did not think six million Jews would die as the result of this action. When SA Kuhling ordered the Synagogue to be burned, Sturmfurher Schwenke, an unemployed tailor, followed orders. Not all of the Nazis, especially the leaders or SS were mentally stable. For example, Sturmfurher Schwenke had wet the bet until he was twenty-two years old (Major 1971:22). The Nazis put the brutal mentally off men in charge of other innocent civilians. People like Gustav Schwenke would not have balked at an order that made them feel important. The momentum then swept the other German citizens away. If World War II had not broke out, maybe the German citizens might have spoken out more. However Hitler and the Nazi government would use the war to justify everything. Jews were resettled to prevent them from working with the enemy. The Americans did the same with Japanese Americans. It seemed logical. Even if Germans became uneasy they did

Biology introduction assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology introduction assignment - Research Paper Example These species are found in Ontario, Canada. Under the Species at Risk Legislation of Ontario, the Northern map and the Snapping turtles are species of Special Concern while the Blanding’s and the Musk turtles are threatened. The greatest risk for these species is being run over on roads and highways. Typically, turtles look for loose, sandy soils to lay their eggs in. But because exposed soil may be difficult to find in natural habitats, turtles are attracted to the artificially-created potential nesting sites such as shoulders of roads, railroad embankments, gravel drives and earthen dams. While they get to and from such locations, the turtles become vulnerable to both vehicular traffic and predators. Genomes evolve as a result of continuous accumulation of mutations. This means that the amount of variation in nucleotide sequences in genomes indicates how recently those genomes have shared a common ancestor. If two genomes have diverged recently in the past, it is expected that they would have much fewer differences in their nucleotide sequences than two genomes whose mutual ancestor is more ancient (Tanaka & Aranishi 2013). Thus, by comparing several genomes, it is possible to figure out their evolutionary relationships. In most of the studies that use molecular markers, the predominant classes are mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA has an important advantage in all phylogenetic research because it is inherited from the maternal line (Chung 2013). This fact facilitates the monitoring of its transmission along the different phases, starting in the early evolution. Another advantage is that Mitochondrial DNA has a high level of variability and a hi gh rate of mutation, compared with the nuclear DNA ( Rubinoff and Holland 2005), in spite of the fact that it does not encode the information for the synthesis of many proteins. This fact makes it ideal for the

Individual Case Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Case Assigment - Essay Example Since Liemandt has built the company on the principle that a businessperson must be willing to take risks and be innovative, their new employees technical skills learning usually begin in a model of brainstorming and discussion. By putting their heads together, the TU help new Trilogy employees share ideas and learn all sorts of complexities in programming. They acquire technical expertise and skills in this manner, and in many cases, come up with something new for Trilogy. While learning through sharing of ideas, TUers also undergo technical training dubbed â€Å"tech track.† Here. TUers learn core skill, which include software testing methods and java programming. Liemandt provides a challenge and demonstrates how they can come together as a team and achieve a common objective. He makes sure that they are able to work as a team by organizing social activities and teams building activities such as taking them to Las Vegas. Because the culture of the business has been willingn ess to take risks, he always plays a game with them to drive home his point. He plays L2K with them to encourage them to be risks takers as he considers the organization was born out of risk taking. Another change that new Trilogy members learn in the TU teams is the organization values. There are section â€Å"leads† instil in the TU teams how the company operates and how it relates with its customers. In terms of how well a new TU team of employees learn technical skills, values and culture, one can observe that Liemandt has barred manager from involving any new team during their training periods until they are assigned to them. This way, the new team has all the time to learn about Trilogy as much as possible. The TU policy, consequently, ensure that a new team is able to concentrate on learning new technical skills. Such freedom and Liemandt’s protection policy makes sure that the team learns well about the culture and values of the company and change to adapt to i ts needs. The fact that the team is separated from the other departments also helps in making sure that there is clear communication in the team. It also ensures consistency in all instructions given by the selected As Kurt Lewin observes, the more one feels the necessity for change, the more there is the motivation to do it. Liemandt may be observed to have developed an unfreezing stage where he went on an aggressive search for new skills for to start his idea of the TU team. His Force Field Analysis presented him with factors for change although he knew that doing so was a risk. Therefore, one can say that although TU helps new Trilogy members learn skills, values and culture of their new organization, the current state is that the program may he headed towards a lag phase. The future state of the organization should be one in which emerging issues about the TU team is addressed as a matter of concern (Burnes 983). As assessment of the effectiveness of TU in its first five years f or the organization can be examined on the following manner. First, Liemandt formed TU programs on realizing that he had a vision, but which he saw that the old employees might not embrace. This is why he got involved with the first TU team as the first teacher although he had neither plan nor curriculum. From the start of the program to the end, one can say that TU was ultimately effective for the organizat

Superpower Machine Essay Example for Free

Superpower Machine Essay Every once in a while I cant help but think about what it would be like if I have powers. If I can build a machine that can do anything, I want a machine that can transform me into any hero I want with any superpower there is. It would be an amazing thing to have the ability to do something noble and help people while having fun at the same time. In case of an emergency, I can turn into someone with superman or batman powers or any other hero depending on the situation. For example,if there was any trouble at sea, I can turn into Aqua man or if speed is needed I can easily become Flash. Another power that I am curious enough to try is the power of invisibility. I think it would be exciting to observe people when they do not know that anybody is around. I would also love to have the power to read somebody elses mind. Although somethings are better left unsaid, still, it would be brilliant to know what people are thinking. The bottom line is that these heroes make a big impact in the lives of people they do not even know and I want to be a part of it. Hackneyed as this may sound, Uncle Ben was right in saying that with great powers have great responsibilities. Saving the say is not all about the glamor and the excitement like what televisions and movies are portraying. Everyday we have regular unsung heroes like policemen and fireman who are willing to go to inside a burning building at the verge of collapse with just saving the trapped victim inside. In our everyday lives we encounter heroism that we do not even notice because we have our own notion about what a hero is and what it would be like to be saved. A man giving up his seat in the subway or a young lad helping an old lady cross the street; this is a typical picture of the modern day hero. They are no batman or superman but they end up saving the day. I guess I do not need any machine to make a difference in the world after all but it would still be great to have it as an option.

Investigation of Sphincter Muscle Complex

Investigation of Sphincter Muscle Complex Abstract Background: The exact anus reconstruction is the critical in patients with imperforate anus  which is related to the correct diagnosis of sphincter complex. Objectives: The aim of this study  is exact investigation of the prineal region for ultrasound detection of place and pathway of  sphincter muscle complex. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at Mashhad  medical university during 2016. Transperineal sonography was done in ten patients (6-12 week  age, 8 male and 2 female) with imperforate anus. Results: The shortest distance between rectal pouch and skin was between 8 to 20 mm, but the  distance between rectal pouch and skin via the anal sphincter path was longer (11 to 23 mm). The multi-layer view of anal tubercle was seen in all patients except one. It had a curved and  occasionally parasagittal path and eccentric than muscle complex. Anal muscle sphincter  complex could be seen in all patients with 2- 3.6 mm, occasionally asymmetric. Conclusion: The multi-layer view of anal tubercle and the anal sphincter complex are the two  important sonographic findings, which can better differentiated the level of anal malformation  and act as an indicator for the location of pull through. Keywords: Anal sphincter muscle complex; Anorectal malformation (ARM); Imperforate anus  (IA); Child 1. Background Colon cancer is a Imperforate anus is one of the anorectal malformations (ARM) which is  characterized with abnormal termination of the hindgut. The anus reconstruction and fecal  continence is one of the critical aspects of treatment and surgery of these patients which is  related to the correct diagnosis of sphincter complex position and the anus reconstruction in the  appropriate place within the sphincter muscle complex . There are various surgical approaches and procedures for anus reconstruction, including the use  of preoperative MRI for diagnosis of type and level of anorectal malformation . In addition, there  are some articles about the use of MRI in the detection of sphincter complex and the anus path  guidance . However, later technique has some limitations and no available in all pediatric surgery  centers. In Imperforate anus (IA) patients, sonography is used to determine the level of disorder (low,  intermediate, high), which may be divided to three groups according to the distance between  perineal skin surface and rectal pouch. However, there isnt an exact cut off for their  differentiation and there is some diagnostic overlap . Some articles consider above 15mm as high  type and below 10 mm as low type ARM , although another numbers between 5- 25 mm are also  considered as cut off point in articles. The passage of rectum from levator ani muscle in  transverse view of infra-coccygeal plan is another method that can help in differentiation  between high and low groups. Furthermore, it is also used for diagnosis of internal fistula  (rectourethral, rectovaginal and etc) which can be helpful in determining level of disorder .   However in practice, these criteria have a little value for operation protocols and the surgical  planning is mostly according to clinical criteria and intraoperative findings.   The exact localization of anal tubercle and muscle sphincter complex with preoperative  sonography can help the surgeon to select the less invasive surgical technique and improve  surgical results. 2. Objectives The aims of this study is exact investigation of the prineal region for detection ultrasonic criteria  of place and pathway of muscle complex and anal sphincter in the children with Imperforate  anus. 3. Patients and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at Dr. Sheikh pediatric Hospital during  2016 after being approved by the Institutional Review Board of Mashhad University of Medical  Sciences, Iran and with its grant. In this study, ten patients (6-12 week age) with imperforate anus were selected after obtaining  informed consent from their parents. Nine patients had previous colostomy within the two days  of life and in another remaining one with rectovestibular fistula didnt previously performed it.   Patients were also evaluated for associated congenital anomalies (VACTERL-H and etc.).   The children were placed in lithotomy position and Foley catheter was passed from distal limb of  colostomy to the rectum and the balloon was inflated and retracted backward and fixed. For  better visualization of rectal pouch, normal saline was injected through fixed Foley catheter in  rectum. After prep drape as the first step, transperineal sonography was done by an  experienced pediatric radiologist. Sterile gel and Betadine were used for sonographic window.   The ultrasound devices used in this study was sonosite Model S Nerve with a 12 MHz linear  superficial probe. The sonographic criteria such as shorten distance of rectal pouch from the surface of skin,  distance of rectal pouch from the surface of skin in anal sphincter complex pathway , the  presence of internal fistula, multi-layered view of anal tubercle, state of anal sphincter complex  were evaluated in both sagittal and coronal planes. The Distance between rectal pouch from the  surface of skin in the shortest path and this distance in correlation with sphincter complex were  separately measured. The distance between the rectal pouch and the surface of the skin and the presence of internal  fistula were evaluated in the sagittal sonographic plane. Internal fistulas can be identified by changing of the rout the echogenic mucus of the rectum  toward urethra or vagina. The multi-layered view of anal tubercle is exactly similar to gut signature, and visualized as a  peripheral hypoechoic layer with two central parallel echogenic lines just below the skin  (dermis). It has vertical position than to anal pit (Fig. 1A) and is visible only in coronal plan.   Anal sphincter complex is noticeable as circular muscular tissue in the depth of the subcutaneous  perineal area and is visible in coronal plan (Fig. 1B). 4. Results Table 1 showed the demographic and sonographic findings of ten imperforate anus patients with  were selected for this study. Eight patients were male and other two were female.   The shortest distance between the rectal pouch and the skin surface was between 8 to 20 mm, but  the distance between the rectal pouch and the surface of skin via the anal sphincter path was  longer and between 11 to 23 mm, that it was 3- 8 mm. (4.7 mm mean) longer.   There were rectourethral fistula in 7, rectovaginal fistula in 1, rectovestibular fistula in 1, and in  another one patient no fistula was detected. In patient with rectovestibular fistula, anal sphincter  complex was pushed back toward the coccygeal tip due to fecal material pressure.   The multi-layer view of anal tubercle was seen in all patients except one (rectovestibular fistula  patient). The maximum outside diameter was 3-4 mm, but in patient with cloacal anomaly, it had  about 10 mm in sagittal plan on the posterior of prineal orifice. In often patients, the anal  tubercle path until center of muscle complex had a curved and occasionally parasagittal path and  it wasnt straight (Fig. 1C). The visible length of multi-layer view of anal tubercle was 5-8 mm,  and it attaches to the mucus of muscle complex eccentric or concentric (Fig. 1D).   Anal muscle sphincter complex could be seen in all patients. The muscle complex thickness had  2- 3.6 mm which occasionally was asymmetric (Fig. 1E). 5. Discussion Imperforate anus is a congenital disease with abnormal termination of hindgut which have a wide  spectrum of muscle sphincter complex development (from near-normal muscles to complete  absence of the sphincter muscle). Routinely, depending on the level of the obstruction in above,  middle and below of muscle sphincter, this anomaly is categorized into three groups (High,  intermediate, low type) . The numerous factors especially the fecal continence after the surgery  related to the diagnosis of the exact place of sphincter muscle complex . There are many articles about the role of preoperative MRI in the determining of the type and  level of anorectal malformation which can be helpful in planning and the prediction of the  prognosis and also investigation of the spinal and urethral anomalies which indirectly effect on  the management of disease and operation . MRI has also a role in these patients for  demonstration of the status of sphincter muscle complex, the symmetry of the sphincter, the  perirectal fibrosis . The post-operative MRI is use to evaluate surgical results and the passage of  pulled-through bowel from the center of sphincter complex . Recently, there are some few  articles about the use of MRI in the localization of sphincter complex and the anus pathway as a  guidance instrument . The sonography is usually used to determine the level of disorder (low, intermediate, high)  indirectly basis on the distance between perineal skin surface to the rectal pouch and the internal  fistulae visualization. Although, this approach isnt very determinative and there are a lot of  diagnostic overlap in this field .   In review article, we find only one paper about the detection of the passage of rectum from  levator ani muscle in transverse view of infra-coccygeal plan that can be helpful for  differentiation of high and low groups . The pre-operative exact localization of anal tubercle and especially sphincter muscle complex  with sonography can be helpful for surgeons to select less invasive approaches that determines  the future fecal continence of patient. In this study, with exact ultrasound investigation of prineal region, we noticed two sonographic  findings which can be helpful in patients with imperforate anus to determine the proper path of  anal canal for pull-through operation. These findings were multi-layered view of anal tubercle  and sphincter muscle complex. Multi-layered view of anal tubercle is exactly similar to gut signature and was determined as a  peripheral hypoechoic layer with two central parallel echogenic lines. This view was probably  the result of fetal anal tubercle as a result non-ruptured anal membrane and non recanalized anal  canal. This view wasnt seen in patient with recto-vestibular fistula. Although it had 3-4 mm  diameter, in Cloacal anomaly patient, it had about 10 mm anterior-posterior diameters in sagittal  plan that probably due to fetal merge of anal and vaginal orifices. In most of patients anal tubercle wasnt straight and had parasagittal position and slightly  curvature with eccentric attachment to center of sphincter muscle complex. These can explain  pathophysiology of disease. Anal sphincter and muscle complex was seen as a circular muscular tissue bulk that surrounds  the echogenic mucus of gastrointestinal tract. It was visible on the coronal plane at depth of  subcutaneous fat of the perineal area with 2-3.6 mm thickness. This complex was visible in all of  our 10 patients. In a patient with rectovestibular fistula, this complex pushed backward to the near of coccyx  probably due to fecal retention. Although most patients with Imperforate anus and recto-perineal  fistula categorized as low type, but this patient had high type malformation because the sphincter  complex has been pushed backward and tract of fistula lie above of muscle complex. In this  patient, based on the distance of rectal pouch to the skin (9 mm) and based on clinical findings  alone and without attention to muscle sphincter, the probability of successful surgery was too  low without sonography guide. Then, visualization of the sphincter muscle complex and rectal  pouch is an important sonoghraphic findings in imperforate anus patients that can differentiate  better the patients to the high and low malformation.   In addition, the result of this study shows that the distance between rectal pouch and skin without  attention to muscle sphincter is unreliable and can make a serious pitfalls and unaware  complications. In all patients, the distance between rectal pouch and skin through anal tubercle  and muscle complex (11mm) was longer than shorten distance between rectal pouch and skin (3-8 mm mean: 4.7 mm). In lithotomy position, it is important to notice that multi-layered view of anal tubercle and anal  sphincter complex was only visible in coronal view and was invisible in routine sagittal and  transverse view, then it may be ignored and didnt notice to it in literatures. In the review of  articles, we did not encounter a similar publication about the use of this findings in patients with  imperforate anus, although there are many articles about the use of sonography to determine the  anal sphincter complex in adults in various diseases .   This is a preliminary cross sectional study with the low number of patients. In addition, the  frequency of the ultrasonic probe device were our study limitations. Exact examination of  perineal region with high-frequency probes (14 to 20 MHz) with high amount of the patients can  provide better and more reliable results. Conclusion: The multi-layer view of anal tubercle and the muscular bulk of anal sphincter complex are the  two important sonographic findings, which can better differentiated the level of anal  malformation and act as an indicator for the location of anal sphincter pull through in patients  with Imperforate anus.

General Paper: What Use Is The Internet? :: Computer Science

General Paper: What Use Is The Internet? The internet is the world's largest, globally inter-linked network of computer systems. It allows users to transmit and receive data digitally, across the telephone network system. This concept of data transmission on a world-wide scale, has opened the doors to a vast range of possibilities for this data sharing capability. Initially, the internet was developed under a government funded project called ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency), in late 1962, directed by members of MIT who saw great potential in the ability to transmit data across a global network system i.e. the telephone system. The intention was mainly to design a system that would enable the sharing of information on research and development on scientific and military aspects. In addition, it was to provide an alternative communication network, which could be re-directed across a number of alternative routes, in the event that a site was destroyed by nuclear attack. Since the internet's first stages of development, today, it is still used as a data sharing agent. Whilst in the past, it was used primarily used by government specialist and large organizations, it can now be found in use, in the homes of more than 500 million households worldwide, according to estimated statistics at Telecom from a number of surveys in August 2001. This figure accounts for around 100% of the world population. The increasing number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) has allowed millions of remote country residents', access to the network, contributing to the 17%growth rate in internet usage. Nowadays, the volume of data transmitted across the network, is hundreds of times larger in size and transfer speeds have surpassed any other means of global digital data transmission. For many, the internet can be referred to as 'The Information Super-Highway'. The millions of users connected to the internet can broadcast their data from their computer to the network, providing the user with a near limitless scope of fields of information and educational resources, such as current news, sports, inventions, discoveries and research material. The main problem with this is that some of it may not be very reliable and often specific topics may be difficult to find. Along with the development of the internet, the number of possibilities of uses for it has increased tremendously. Besides simple text-based information, the foundation of the internet, a variety of audio and visual components is now available. These include pictures, graphics, movies and videos, sounds, interactive tools, colour-rich diagrams and charts, which help enhance the user's research and educational experience. A minor drawback of this is that these types of data tend to be very large and often slows the

Comparing Dreams in Song of Solomon, Push, and Incidents in the Life of

A Dream Revised in Song of Solomon, Push, and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America was founded on the belief that "all men are created equal." However, a question must be posed which asks who constitutes "men" and what is "equal"? Where do women fit into the picture? What about minorities? The Declaration of Independence serves as the framework for rules that govern the people who fall beneath it, but who were the architects of the infamous work? They were white, upper class, men. They looked at slavery as a grievous sin, yet they allowed it to occur for decades. Immigrants from all parts of the country came to America to be free from persecution and terror; unfortunately, people were not free in America's own backyard. Why did hundreds of thousands of people leave their homes to start fresh in a new world? The answer is simple; they wanted a glimpse of the American Dream, but that look into a prosperous future was not for all people. The founding fathers left an enormous hole in the document that established the first set of rules that would govern this new country. They did not include minorities in their representation of men being equal. The only ones who were considered equal were immigrants who came on their own, who left their past behind them, and who kept their social structures in tact. For everyone else, they learned soon enough that they must abandon that dream for one that favors setbacks, the need to rise again, and a quest for group dignity.    From the time that Africans were taken from their country and enslaved in a new world, they have fought to retain dignity and grace in circumstances that were deplorable. Even slaves who were well taken care of were not able ... ...is life ends, and Push gives very intimate insight to a young abused girl who is fighting to survive. All of these stories have characters who have hopes and dreams of being successful, but fall short in some way because the Declaration of Independence did not include them and the desire to reach the American Dream is not an open invitation to Africans like it is to other immigrant groups. They are not voluntary participants in American society; therefore, they must settle for less than others have to. They must fight twice as hard to have half as much as others.    Works Cited: Brent, Linda. "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". The Classic Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Penguin Group, 1987. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: The Penguin Group, 1977. Sapphire. Push. New York: Vintage Contemporaries, 1996.

Changes in the Land

Changes in the Land Native Americans were some of the first people to live and settle in America, and lived much differently than Europeans. Cabeza de Vaca and William Cronon explain their experiences with Native Americans in Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of American and Changes in the Land respectively. Their lifestyle was very new and unfamiliar to both de Vaca and Cronon when they arrived in America. Cabeza de Vaca arrived in Southwest America in the sixteenth-century while William Cronon arrived in the New England area of America in the twentieth-century.Even though both of them lived in different time periods and were in different parts of America, there are several similarities and a few differences when they observed and encountered Native Americans. The Native Americans were nomadic people and traveled frequently according to the seasons and availability of food. In Changes in the Land, Cronon explains that the Native Americans only owned belongings that were essential because they moved around depending on where the food was most abundant (Cronon 54).During the seasonal migrations, a family might carry: clothing, baskets, fishing equipment, a few tools, corn, beans, and smoked meat (Cronon 54). Cabeza de Vaca explains that the Capoques and Han lived by the ocean in small huts. These huts are made of mats and their floors consisted of oyster shells, and they sleep on these shells in animal skins (de Vaca 62). The Han Indians often traveled to the shore to eat oysters during the Winter and would return to the mainland in the Spring. The Native Americans in both accounts are nomadic people and move around depending on the season.The Indians moved around a lot because of the availability of food depending on the time of year and would often starve or find other ways to adapt. During the twentieth-century, Cronon explains that the Native Americans would go fishing in the Spring then move back to the coast to hunt and pick berries in th e Summer. During the Winter, the women would farm while the men would hunt (Cronon 94). The southern Indians had a lot of agricultural produce and would trade with the northern Indians (Cronon 94). During theWinter, though, the northern Indians would starve because food was very scarce, which was very difficult for the Europeans to understand. The Indians living in the sixteenth-century would eat nothing but oysters and drink very bad water for three months (de Vaca 62). The Indians live on the island during the Winter, where they survive off of roots which the women gather from under water in November and December (de Vaca 61). In both accounts, the Indians moved depending on the season and what food was available to them, but ate different foods because of their locations.One difference between the Native Americans in Changes in the Land and Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America is their manipulation of the land. The twentieth-century Native Americans were very big on agriculture and growing their own produce (Cronon 54), while the sixteenth-century Native Americans hunted more and ate more shellfish (de Vaca 43). These differences are due to their geographical location, what is more easily accessible, and the weather conditions of the area.Since they lived closer to the ocean, it was much easier to collect shellfish and gather berries than grow their own produce since the weather was not fit for agriculture. The Indians described by Cronon made more changes to the land than the Indians described by de Vaca. Overall, the Native Americans living during the sixteenth-century and the twentieth-century had very similar lifestyles and had the same motives for traveling often. The Native Americans in both accounts were nomadic and would move according to the time of year; because of this, they only owned things that were essential to living and did not own anything excessive.The Native Americans both hunted and gathered food to survive, bu t it was different types of food because of their geographical location and what was more readily available to them. Since this is the case, their manipulation of the land was different—the later Native Americans grew more agriculture, while the earlier Native Americans hunted and gathered more of their food. There are a few differences between the Native Americans described by Cronon and de Vaca, but they are more similar to each other.

Motivation vs Employee Performance

This chapter examined relevant literature from works that have already been done on the topic. The literature review was structured in the following form: Introduction, motivation, the early theorists of motivation, and contemporary theorists of motivation. Area of Study 1:MotivationMotivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. For example, you might say that a student is so motivated to get into a clinical psychology program that she spends every night studying.Psychologists have proposed a number of different theories of motivation, including drive theory, instinct theory and humanistic theory. Motivation is the for ce that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to take action, whether to grab a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional or cognitive in nature. Researchers have developed a number of different theories to explain motivation. Each individual theory tends to be rather limited in scope. However, by looking at the key ideas behind each theory, you can gain a better understanding of motivation as a whole.1.1. BonusBonus is the extra amount in money, bonds, or goods over what is normally due. The term is applied especially to payments to employees either for production in excess of the normal (wage incentive) or as a share of surplus profits. The wage incentive was designed during the late 19th cent. not only to increase production but to reward the more skillful and more energetic workers. The hourly or weekly wage was to be figured as payment for a st andard rate of work, and the workers who exceeded that standard were to receive a bonus.However, the system fell into disfavor with labor unions because rate cutting was often resorted to when bonuses became too high. Industrial engineers of the 1930s realized that definite standards of  accomplishment and quality must be set to make wage incentives workable. Many firms have used an annual bonus plan for distributing abnormal profits to employees. The term is also applied to payments to former servicemen in addition to regular pensions and insurance.1.2. IncrementSalary increments are often expressed as a percentage of an employee's overall base pay. An increment usually represents a portion of what the employee earns per year. Employers use increments to increase or decrease base salaries or to award bonuses. Employees use them as a benchmark to either negotiate a pay increase or a starting salary with a new employer. When an employer offers a starting salary that is 5 percent be low average, a potential employee might counter with a 5 percent increase. Public employees typically receive annual raises based on salary increments.1.3. Better FacilitiesDesigning a workplace that provides opportunities for the broadest potential workforce makes good business sense. This allows employers to select the most qualified people from the largest possible applicant pool. It may also improve work efficiency, employee productivity, workplace safety and the quality of work. The workforce will likely represent a wide range of demographics and abilities. Most workers spend much of their time at the workplace.Therefore, many design considerations for workplace facilities may be different than other types of built environments that are used by fewer people over shorter time periods. Job performance is best when the environment neither under-stimulates nor over-stimulates the employee. Lighting, the thermal environment and noise are the key environmental variables to consider. The most desirable levels of each will not only vary across work environments and people, but also will vary for different job requirements. It is therefore important for the designer to have a good understanding of the work requirements to design effective environments.Area of Study 2: Employee performance Employee performance is basically related performance appraisal in  terms of and individual goals. Employee Performance means the level at which your employees are performing. Employee performance is more than just completing the â€Å"dreaded† annual review in order to get the annual bonus or pay increase. It is an ongoing activity with the ultimate goal of improving both individual and corporate performance.Employees set their objectives for the upcoming review period; monitor their progress against those objectives, and develop the right set of skills and objectives for the future. Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results. Andrew Carnegie (1835 – 1919)2.1. The appraisal process is made up of three stages: Goal setting – set goals and objectives for the upcoming review period Evaluation – assess the employee's performance against the established goals and objectives Improve performance and skill development – career planning, training, personal development, coaching, mentoring and more.2.2. Why should an organization consider implementing an Employee Performance Management (EPM) solution? Automation – save time and money by automating this potentially labour intensive activity. Not only will organizations become more efficient, they will be able to improve on their HR reporting and analytics. Goal Alignment – the goals and objectives of the organization can be cascaded down to every level of the organization. Everyone in the organiza tion will be working towards a common objective. Remote Workers- technology and the nature of the work force has made alternative working arrangements a reality. Employees no longer have to physically be in the office in order to do their job.2.3. With an EMP solution, managers and employees can collaborate on their performance objectives.Flexibility – EMP solutions can be configured to meet the unique needs of every organization. Competency Management – every organization has specific competencies that are important for the company, departments and roles that  can easily be managed using EMP software. Talent Management – EPM is an important part of the Talent Management Process. It helps to identify known competencies for success, develop succession plans, pinpoint talent gaps, and establish compensation scales. The employee performance management solution allows organizations to manage their talent in order to maximize their human resources in order to gain a competitive advantage.Motivation and Employee PerformanceAccording to Dubin (2002), â€Å"Motivation is the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that puts the person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated†. Motivation refers to the way a person is enthused at work to intensify his desire and willingness to use his energy for the achievement of organization’s objectives. It is something that moves a person into action and continues him in the course of action enthusiastically.Motivation is a complex phenomenon, which is influenced by individual, cultural, ethnic and historical factors. Motivation can be defined as â€Å"a series of energizing forces that originate both within and beyond an individual’s self†. These forces determine the person’s behavior and therefore, influence his/her productivity (Jackson, 1995). According to De Cenzo et al,(1996), peo ple who are motivated use a greater effort to perform a job than those who are not motivated. In other words this means that all thinkable factors of physical or psychological aspects that we interact with, leads to a reaction within our self or of the entire organization.According to Latham and Ernest (2006) motivation was in the beginning of the 1900s thought only to be monetary. However, it was discovered during the 20th century that to motivate employees, there are more factors than just money. In their view, employees‟ satisfaction with their job is an important indicator for a good job performance and happy employees are productive. To them, motivation is a psychological factor and is affected by the workers‟ mental attitude and health. Therefore, in order to be motivated, a person needs to have certain basic needs fulfilled. If these needs are lacking, a person’s self-esteem and self-actualization cannot develop.This could  result in lack of interest to p rogress and develop, both professionally and personally. There are several theories of human needs, which are the foundation of motivation. CIPD‟s Reward Survey (2005a) reveals that human resource (HR) and line managers fail to develop reward strategies for their employees. Guest and Conway, (2005) established their suggestions on the basis of CIPD‟s survey on employee welfare and emotional convention that managers fail to motivate and improve the performance of people whom they manage.The familiar notion that people leave managers, not organizations, suggests that the organizations concerned, were subjected to failure for holding managers responsible to understand their role in motivating people and to manage performance as effectively as they can. The biggest challenge for HR managers is to push line managers to manage and develop people.According to Butkus and Green (1999), motivation is derived from the word â€Å"motivate†, means to move, push or persuade to act for satisfying a need. Baron (1983) defined motivation in his own right. He says that â€Å"motivation is a set of processes concerned with a kind of force that energizes behavior and directs it towards achieving some specific goals. Many writers have expressed motivation as goal directed behavior. This objective nature of motivation is also suggested by Kreitner and Kinicki (2001) put forward that motivation represents â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the stimulation, persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed†.A motivated person have the awareness of specific goals must be achieved in specific ways; therefore he/she directs its effort to achieve such goals (Nel et al., 2001). It means that motivated person is best fit for the goals that he/she wants to achieve, as he/she is fully aware of its assumptions. Therefore if the roles of managers are assumed to successfully guide employees towards the organizational agenda of achieving its objective s, then it is very important for them to educate and understand those psychological processes and undertakings that root cause the stimulation, direction of destination, determination and persistence of voluntary actions (Roberts, 2005). Mo (1992) differentiates between the terms „movement‟ and motivation‟.Movement carries out the task for compensation, remuneration in humans mind to act, while the term motivation is stapled with total involvement of a person in its tasks to carry out with excitements and  happiness. In simple words, movement compels a person to carry out tasks, while motivation is self-realized jubilant and pleasing act of carrying out specific tasks. The researcher emphasizes on motivation which is basis for the success because the person involved in it is very happy and voluntarily excited not for compensation. Motivation is reason for individuals‟ accomplishments to carry out the project (La Motta 1995).There are many aspects of motivat ion in an organization; a person motivated by those aspects may not necessarily motivate another person, because there are many different factors that affect motivation for different level employees. On reaching the understanding and believing that people (employees) are naturally motivated, an organization simply provide the environment for their motivation to be enhanced and improved (Baron, 1983). It means that an organization is a better environment and working atmosphere provider, it only needs to believe that the people have the motivational behaviour. Lawler (2003) noted that different theories questioning why people prefer certain careers, why they seek particular rewards and why they feel satisfied or dissatisfied with their work and rewards.These are some of the resonating questions that create so many assumptions and hypotheses to be researched. It is widely recognized in management circles, that motivation plays a role in keeping an employee performing his or her best in any task assigned. Assessing La Motta and Baron, views on the concept of motivation makes one wonder why incentives provided to workers did not yield intended purpose. This is as a result of dynamics of individual needs and humans can never be satisfy in that, when one need is catered for responded, the worker shifts to another need and this then becomes a challenge hence the call for further research on the issue of motivation.An individual's motivation is influenced by biological, intellectual, social and emotional factors. As such, motivation is a complex, not easily defined, intrinsic driving force that can also be influenced by external factors. Every employee has activities, events, people, and goals in his or her life that he or she finds motivating. So, motivation about some aspect of life exists in each person's consciousness and actions. The trick for employers is to figure out how to inspire employee motivation at work. To create a work environment in which an employee i s motivated about  work, involves both intrinsically satisfying and extrinsically encouraging factors.Employee motivation is the combination of fulfilling the employee's needs and expectations from work and the workplace factors that enable employee motivation – or not. These variables make motivating employees challenging. Employers understand that they need to provide a work environment that creates motivation in people. But, many employers fail to understand the significance of motivation in accomplishing their mission and vision. Even when they understand the importance of motivation, they lack the skill and knowledge to provide a work environment that fosters employee motivation. Here are thoughts about encouraging and inspiring employee motivation at work.3.1. Factors to Encourage MotivationThese are some of the factors that are present in a work environment that many employees find motivating. Management and leadership actions that empower employees,  Transparent a nd regular communication about factors important to employees, Treating employees with respect,  Providing regular employee recognition,  Feedback and coaching from managers and leaders,  Above industry-average benefits and compensation,  Providing employee perks and company activities, and  Positively managing employees within a success framework of goals, measurements, and clear expectations.Every person has different reasons for working. The reasons for working are as individual as the person. But, we all work because we obtain something that we need from work. The something obtained from work impacts morale, employee motivation, and the quality of life. To create positive employee motivation, treat employees as if they matter – because employees matter. These ideas will help you fulfill what people want from work and create employee motivation.3.2. What People Want From Work Some people work for personal fulfillment; others work for love of what they do. Others work to accomplish goals and to feel as if they are contributing  to something larger than themselves. The bottom line is that we all work for money and for reasons too individual to assign similarities to all workers. Learn more.3.3. How to Demonstrate Respect at Work Ask anyone in your workplace what treatment they most want at work. They will likely top their list with the desire to be treated with dignity and respect. You can demonstrate respect with simple, yet powerful actions. These ideas will help you avoid needless, insensitive, unmeant disrespect, too. Read more about respect.3.4. Provide Feedback That Has an Impact Make your feedback have the impact it deserves by the manner and approach you use to deliver feedback. Your feedback can make a difference to people if you can avoid a defensive response.3.5. Top Ten Ways to Show Appreciation You can tell your colleagues, coworkers and staff how much you value them and their contribution any day of the year. Trust me. No occa sion is necessary. In fact, small surprises and tokens of your appreciation spread throughout the year help the people in your work life feel valued all year long.3.6. Trust Rules: The Most Important Secret Without it, you have nothing. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust is present, everything else is easier. Learn more.3.7. Provide Motivational Employee Recognition You can avoid the employee recognition traps that: single out one or a few employees who are mysteriously selected for the recognition; sap the morale of the many who failed to win, place, or even show; confuse people who meet the criteria yet were not selected; or sought votes or other personalized, subjective criteria to determine winners. Learn more.3.7.1. Employee Recognition Rocks Employee recognition is limited in most organizations. Employees complain about the lack of recognition regularly. Managers ask, â€Å"Why should I recognize or thank him? He’s just doing his job.† And, life at work is busy, busy, busy. These factors combine to create work places that fail to provide recognition for employees. Managers who prioritize employee recognition understand the power of recognition.3.7.2. Top Ten Ways to Retain Your Great Employees Key employee retention is critical to the long term health and success of your business. Managers readily agree that their role is key in retaining your best employees to ensure business success. If managers can cite this fact so well, why do many behave in ways that so frequently encourage great employees to quit their job? Here are ten more tips for employee retention.3.7.3. Team Building and Delegation: How and When to Empower People Employee involvement is creating an environment in which people have an impact on decisions and actions that affect their jobs. Team building occ urs when the manager knows when to tell, sell, consult, join, or delegate to staff. For employee involvement and empowerment, both team building and delegation rule. Learn more.3.7.4. Build a Mentoring Culture What does it take to develop people? More than writing â€Å"equal opportunity† into your organization’s mission statement. More than sending someone to a training class. More than hard work on the part of employees. What development does take is people who are willing to listen and help their colleagues. Development takes coaches, guides and advocates. People development needs mentors. Learn more.

Articles critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Articles critique - Essay Example The paper uses persuasive arguments, for instance, in noting that the Latin Americans are the predominant group hence the majority. As the dominant group, it can only follow that they get the most out of minerals and natural resources. This also means that policies mineral policies should be in their favor. As such, these mineral policies only serve to destabilize them politically. In this regard, therefore, politics takes central stage. Various political factions are only interested in controlling the mineral market once they get into power. The paper notes that the shift in policies is simply political and not well intended. In any case, politicians have used the issue of equitable mineral distribution to gain favor with the electorate. Noting that the state has no mandate to interfere with mineral distribution unless it is for genuine reasons, the article is perhaps a revelation towards the dirty nature of politics and how the electorate is usually swayed by empty rhetoric, the politicians make. Using relevant facts such as an increasingly emerging Chinese market and the growing political control in mineral extraction policies, the article uses relevant arguments to show that the proponents of mineral policies have no genuine agenda, but just to improve their political relevance and economic base. This paper is without doubt a tip of an iceberg of political undoing and sources of corruption, and inequitable distribution of resources. Minerals are an important commodity to any community and one that must be equitably shared for economic growth of not every member of the community. Latin America has abundant natural resources and hence a huge potential for growth and development, factors that can greatly improve the economy. For a long time, the Latin American economy has been referred to as a political economy, perhaps meaning the heavy political interference and involvement, so much so that